Ability of the front-of-pack nutrition label Nutri-Score to discriminate nutritional quality of food products in 13 European countries and consistency with nutritional recommendations (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK)

Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi¹, Manon Egnell¹, Pilar Galan¹, Serge Hercberg^1,2, Chantal Julia^1,2

This report describes the ability of the Front-of-Pack nutrition Label (FoPL), namely the Nutri-Score, to discriminate the nutritional quality of pre-packed food products available in the markets of 13 different European countries and its consistency with global nutritional recommendations. It complements specific analysis previously published in scientific peer-reviews journals using the same methodology concerning the French [1] and the German food markets [2].

Material and methods

Data was retrieved from the Open Food Facts project database, a collaborative web project gathering food composition data based on available back-of-pack labeling of products. Data is collected by volunteer contributors and includes information about ingredients and nutrition facts from food products purchased in stores, effectively using crowdsourcing to collect food composition data of the food supply. The collected data is available freely as an open data source and can be downloaded for research purposes.

Food composition table

As the items in the database are collected from stores, foods and beverages included are exclusively manufactured pre-packaged foods. As the single identifier for a given food is the barcode of the food, identical products sold with various packagings (in different amounts mainly) may appear multiple times in the database. The open Food Facts database contains data from national brands, store brands and discount brands, and is available around the world.

Depending on the number of contributors in a given country, the number of products in the database may vary.For this report, we selected only the 13 Europeans countries with more than 1000 products available (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom).

Food classification

Foods were categorized using a consumer’s point of view, grouping foods with similar use and distinct nutritional characteristics. Main food groups included ‘Products containing mainly fruits and vegetables’, ‘Cereals and potatoes’, ‘Meat, Fish and Eggs’, ‘Milk and dairy products’, ‘Fats and sauces’, ‘Composite foods’, ‘Sugary snacks’, ‘Salty snacks’ and ‘Beverages’. Within each food group, sub-groups were identified (e.g. in the ‘Cereals and potatoes’, subcategories included ‘Bread’, ‘Cereals’, ‘Legumes’, ‘Potatoes’ and ‘Breakfast cereals’). Each food was categorized in a single food group and sub-group. Herbs and spices, or special use products were excluded from the database, as they are not included in the perimeter of the Nutri-Score application. The number of products available in each group or sub-group varied depending on the country. To avoid misleading representation due to a small number of items, only food groups for which more than 20 foods were available were shown in the graphics. Foods with an incomplete nutritional composition for the Nutri-Score computation were excluded, as well as foods with missing group labelling.

Analyses

FSA score computation

The Nutri-Score relies on the computation of a nutrient profiling system, originally developed in the United Kingdom by the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for the regulation of advertising to children [3-5]. It was adapted for the purpose of nutritional labelling in France by the High Council for Public health, with the goal of ensuring a high degree of alignment between the scoring system and the French nutritional recommendations [6-7]. For each product, the FSA score modified by the Health Council of Public Health (FSAm-NSP) was computed taking into account nutrient content for 100 g. The FSAm-NSP score allocates positive points (0-10) for content in energy (KJ), total sugars (g), saturated fatty acids (g) and sodium (mg). Negative points (0-5) are allocated to content in fruits, vegetables and nuts (%), fibers (g) and proteins (g). Final score, calculated as a combination of the positive and the negative points, is based on a discrete continuous scale ranging theoretically from -15 (higher nutritional quality) to +40 points (lower nutritional quality). Specific thresholds to attribute points in the different components are used for generic foods, cheese, beverages and fats and oils. Then, cut-off are applied in order to obtain the corresponding Nutri-Score: A below -1 point (in dark green), B from 0 to 2 points (green), C from 3 to 10 points (yellow), D from 11 to 18 points (orange) and E from 19 points and over (dark orange). For beverages, the thresholds were adapted, as follow: A only applied to water, B up to 1 point (green), C from 2 to 5 (yellow), D from 6 to 9 (orange) and E from 10 points and over (dark orange).

Statistical analyses

The distribution of the overall FSAm-NSP score was computed in the different food groups, and displayed using a boxplot, highlighting the median, 25th and 75th percentiles of the distribution. Distribution of foods and beverages in the different categories of the Nutri-Score were computed. Ability of the FoPL to discriminate nutritional quality of foods and beverages was estimated by the number of available colors in each group and sub-groups. When three or more colors were available in a food group, the discriminating ability of the Nutri-Score was considered good, in a pragmatic approach.

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Results for Austria

For Austria, the OpenFoodFact table included 5246 foods. From this list, 2924 products could not be affected to a specific food group and were deleted from the list. Then, 289 products were removed because the nutritional informations necessary to the calculation of the NutriScore were missing. 2 products were deleted after additionnal quality controls. Finally, the OpenFoodFact table used for this document included 2031 foods. The database contained 105 products composed mainly of fruits and vegetables, 353 bread and cereal products, 152 meat, fish and eggs products, 397 milk and dairy, 176 fats and sauces, 179 composite dishes, 424 sugary snacks, 91 salty snacks. Overall, the mean FSAm-NSP score was 9+/- 9.4 points.

The overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score is represented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score

The distribution of the Nutri-Score in the different food groups is represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

Figure 2: Distribution of the FSAm-NSP score for solid foods.
Vertical lines represent the cut-offs of the 5-category Nutriscore. The boundary of the box nearest to the left indicates the 25th percentile, the line within the box marks the median, and the boundary of the box furthest from the left indicates the 75th percentile. Whiskers (error bars) left and right of the box indicate the lower limit (25th percentile – 1.5 * (Inter-quartile range) and the upper limit (75th percentile + 1.5 * (Inter-quartile range)). The circles are individual outlier points. *Products containing mainly fruits and vegetables

Figure 3: Distribution of the FSAm-NSP score for solid foods in subgroups containing more than 20 items.
Vertical lines represent the cut-offs of the 5-category Nutriscore. The boundary of the box nearest to the left indicates the 25th percentile, the line within the box marks the median, and the boundary of the box furthest from the left indicates the 75th percentile. Whiskers (error bars) left and right of the box indicate the lower limit (25th percentile – 1.5 * (Inter-quartile range) and the upper limit (75th percentile + 1.5 * (Inter-quartile range)). The circles are individual outlier points. ** Fruits based products ; *** Vegetables based products

Figure 4: Distribution of the FSAm-NSP score for beverages.
Vertical lines represent the cut-offs of the 5-category Nutriscore. The boundary of the box nearest to the left indicates the 25th percentile, the line within the box marks the median, and the boundary of the box furthest from the left indicates the 75th percentile. Whiskers (error bars) left and right of the box indicate the lower limit (25th percentile – 1.5 * (Inter-quartile range) and the upper limit (75th percentile + 1.5 * (Inter-quartile range)). The circles are individual outlier points. By definition, only water is classified as A and is shown at the top of the plot.

The distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups is displayed in Table 1.

Table 1: Distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups. ** Fruits based products ; *** Vegetables based products.

		A	B	C	D	E	Total
Fruits and vegetables*		64(61%)	19(18.1%)	18(17.1%)	4(3.8%)	0(0%)	105
	Vegetables***	52(65.8%)	17(21.5%)	7(8.9%)	3(3.8%)	0(0%)	79
	Dried fruits	1(11.1%)	1(11.1%)	7(77.8%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	9
	Fruits**	11(73.3%)	1(6.7%)	2(13.3%)	1(6.7%)	0(0%)	15
	Soups	0(0%)	0(0%)	2(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	2
Cereals and potatoes		168(47.6%)	58(16.4%)	74(21%)	51(14.4%)	2(0.6%)	353
	Bread	17(20.7%)	21(25.6%)	25(30.5%)	19(23.2%)	0(0%)	82
	Cereals	83(68%)	19(15.6%)	14(11.5%)	5(4.1%)	1(0.8%)	122
	Legumes	30(66.7%)	4(8.9%)	5(11.1%)	6(13.3%)	0(0%)	45
	Potatoes	5(41.7%)	3(25%)	4(33.3%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	12
	Breakfast cereals	33(35.9%)	11(12%)	26(28.3%)	21(22.8%)	1(1.1%)	92
Fish Meat Eggs		12(7.9%)	19(12.5%)	27(17.8%)	52(34.2%)	42(27.6%)	152
	Fish and seafood	10(16.4%)	18(29.5%)	13(21.3%)	20(32.8%)	0(0%)	61
	Meat	1(4.5%)	1(4.5%)	8(36.4%)	9(40.9%)	3(13.6%)	22
	Processed meat	0(0%)	0(0%)	6(8.8%)	23(33.8%)	39(57.4%)	68
	Eggs	1(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	1
Milk and dairy products		37(9.3%)	114(28.7%)	77(19.4%)	152(38.3%)	17(4.3%)	397
	Plant-based milk substitutes	8(20.5%)	20(51.3%)	3(7.7%)	7(17.9%)	1(2.6%)	39
	Milk and yogurt	16(11.1%)	77(53.5%)	41(28.5%)	9(6.2%)	1(0.7%)	144
	Cheese	6(4.4%)	9(6.6%)	12(8.8%)	104(75.9%)	6(4.4%)	137
	Dairy desserts	7(21.9%)	5(15.6%)	16(50%)	4(12.5%)	0(0%)	32
	Ice cream	0(0%)	3(6.7%)	5(11.1%)	28(62.2%)	9(20%)	45
Fat and sauces		16(9.1%)	16(9.1%)	61(34.7%)	64(36.4%)	19(10.8%)	176
	Dressings and sauces	16(11.8%)	16(11.8%)	41(30.1%)	53(39%)	10(7.4%)	136
	Fats	0(0%)	0(0%)	20(50%)	11(27.5%)	9(22.5%)	40
Salty snacks		8(8.8%)	9(9.9%)	40(44%)	31(34.1%)	3(3.3%)	91
	Appetizers	0(0%)	0(0%)	6(46.2%)	7(53.8%)	0(0%)	13
	Nuts	6(14.6%)	4(9.8%)	23(56.1%)	7(17.1%)	1(2.4%)	41
	Salty and fatty products	2(5.4%)	5(13.5%)	11(29.7%)	17(45.9%)	2(5.4%)	37
Sugary snacks		7(1.7%)	14(3.3%)	33(7.8%)	101(23.8%)	269(63.4%)	424
	Biscuits and cakes	1(0.6%)	4(2.4%)	13(7.9%)	46(28%)	100(61%)	164
	Chocolate products	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	3(3.2%)	90(96.8%)	93
	Sweets	6(3.7%)	10(6.2%)	19(11.8%)	48(29.8%)	78(48.4%)	161
	Pastries	0(0%)	0(0%)	1(16.7%)	4(66.7%)	1(16.7%)	6
Composite foods		14(7.8%)	33(18.4%)	91(50.8%)	35(19.6%)	6(3.4%)	179
	One-dish meals	14(9.1%)	27(17.5%)	77(50%)	30(19.5%)	6(3.9%)	154
	Pizza pies and quiches	0(0%)	4(22.2%)	12(66.7%)	2(11.1%)	0(0%)	18
	Sandwiches	0(0%)	2(28.6%)	2(28.6%)	3(42.9%)	0(0%)	7
Beverages		20(13%)	11(7.1%)	34(22.1%)	35(22.7%)	54(35.1%)	154
	Waters	19(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	19
	Teas and herbal teas and coffees	0(0%)	1(14.3%)	1(14.3%)	2(28.6%)	3(42.9%)	7
	Fruit juices	0(0%)	1(3.6%)	24(85.7%)	2(7.1%)	1(3.6%)	28
	Artificially sweetened beverages	1(5%)	7(35%)	5(25%)	5(25%)	2(10%)	20
	Sweetened beverages	0(0%)	2(2.5%)	4(5%)	26(32.5%)	48(60%)	80
Sum		346(17%)	293(14.4%)	455(22.4%)	525(25.8%)	412(20.3%)	2031

Results for Belgium

For Belgium, the OpenFoodFact table included 53829 foods. From this list, 39330 products could not be affected to a specific food group and were deleted from the list. Then, 1240 products were removed because the nutritional informations necessary to the calculation of the NutriScore were missing. 18 products were deleted after additionnal quality controls. Finally, the OpenFoodFact table used for this document included 13241 foods. The database contained 945 products composed mainly of fruits and vegetables, 1795 bread and cereal products, 1464 meat, fish and eggs products, 2122 milk and dairy, 1223 fats and sauces, 999 composite dishes, 2686 sugary snacks, 766 salty snacks. Overall, the mean FSAm-NSP score was 8.9+/- 8.9 points.

The overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score is represented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score

The distribution of the Nutri-Score in the different food groups is represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

The distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups is displayed in Table 1.

Table 1: Distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups. ** Fruits based products ; *** Vegetables based products.

		A	B	C	D	E	Total
Fruits and vegetables*		561(59.4%)	147(15.6%)	220(23.3%)	15(1.6%)	2(0.2%)	945
	Vegetables***	372(78.8%)	46(9.7%)	46(9.7%)	8(1.7%)	0(0%)	472
	Dried fruits	16(11.9%)	33(24.6%)	79(59%)	4(3%)	2(1.5%)	134
	Fruits**	162(66.9%)	29(12%)	48(19.8%)	3(1.2%)	0(0%)	242
	Soups	11(11.3%)	39(40.2%)	47(48.5%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	97
Cereals and potatoes		723(40.3%)	328(18.3%)	428(23.8%)	264(14.7%)	52(2.9%)	1795
	Bread	80(20.8%)	89(23.2%)	128(33.3%)	75(19.5%)	12(3.1%)	384
	Cereals	384(58%)	127(19.2%)	67(10.1%)	64(9.7%)	20(3%)	662
	Legumes	99(55.9%)	20(11.3%)	26(14.7%)	22(12.4%)	10(5.6%)	177
	Potatoes	32(41.6%)	22(28.6%)	22(28.6%)	1(1.3%)	0(0%)	77
	Breakfast cereals	128(25.9%)	70(14.1%)	185(37.4%)	102(20.6%)	10(2%)	495
Fish Meat Eggs		167(11.4%)	215(14.7%)	362(24.7%)	493(33.7%)	227(15.5%)	1464
	Fish and seafood	66(13.4%)	127(25.8%)	96(19.5%)	199(40.4%)	5(1%)	493
	Meat	89(19.6%)	65(14.3%)	174(38.2%)	110(24.2%)	17(3.7%)	455
	Processed meat	0(0%)	14(2.9%)	90(18.6%)	176(36.4%)	204(42.1%)	484
	Eggs	12(54.5%)	9(40.9%)	1(4.5%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	22
	Offals	0(0%)	0(0%)	1(10%)	8(80%)	1(10%)	10
Milk and dairy products		218(10.3%)	492(23.2%)	392(18.5%)	915(43.1%)	105(4.9%)	2122
	Plant-based milk substitutes	27(18.2%)	92(62.2%)	11(7.4%)	18(12.2%)	0(0%)	148
	Milk and yogurt	147(20.8%)	331(46.8%)	167(23.6%)	61(8.6%)	2(0.3%)	708
	Cheese	12(1.4%)	21(2.4%)	99(11.2%)	691(78.1%)	62(7%)	885
	Dairy desserts	27(15.1%)	39(21.8%)	77(43%)	33(18.4%)	3(1.7%)	179
	Ice cream	5(2.5%)	9(4.5%)	38(18.8%)	112(55.4%)	38(18.8%)	202
Fat and sauces		45(3.7%)	46(3.8%)	340(27.8%)	523(42.8%)	269(22%)	1223
	Dressings and sauces	43(4.8%)	45(5%)	198(22%)	416(46.3%)	196(21.8%)	898
	Fats	2(0.6%)	1(0.3%)	142(43.7%)	107(32.9%)	73(22.5%)	325
Salty snacks		29(3.8%)	51(6.7%)	261(34.1%)	349(45.6%)	76(9.9%)	766
	Appetizers	1(0.3%)	12(3.6%)	87(26%)	193(57.8%)	41(12.3%)	334
	Nuts	24(15.8%)	24(15.8%)	70(46.1%)	31(20.4%)	3(2%)	152
	Salty and fatty products	4(1.4%)	15(5.4%)	104(37.1%)	125(44.6%)	32(11.4%)	280
Sugary snacks		46(1.7%)	108(4%)	309(11.5%)	845(31.5%)	1378(51.3%)	2686
	Biscuits and cakes	8(0.7%)	27(2.4%)	92(8.3%)	306(27.5%)	681(61.1%)	1114
	Chocolate products	1(0.2%)	4(0.8%)	7(1.4%)	99(19.2%)	404(78.4%)	515
	Sweets	37(3.7%)	77(7.7%)	203(20.4%)	405(40.7%)	273(27.4%)	995
	Pastries	0(0%)	0(0%)	7(11.3%)	35(56.5%)	20(32.3%)	62
Composite foods		130(13%)	318(31.8%)	366(36.6%)	169(16.9%)	16(1.6%)	999
	One-dish meals	124(15.5%)	280(35%)	295(36.9%)	90(11.3%)	10(1.3%)	799
	Pizza pies and quiches	4(3%)	26(19.5%)	46(34.6%)	52(39.1%)	5(3.8%)	133
	Sandwiches	2(3%)	12(17.9%)	25(37.3%)	27(40.3%)	1(1.5%)	67
Beverages		210(16.9%)	137(11%)	290(23.4%)	262(21.1%)	342(27.6%)	1241
	Waters	209(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	209
	Teas and herbal teas and coffees	0(0%)	0(0%)	2(3%)	36(54.5%)	28(42.4%)	66
	Fruit juices	0(0%)	28(10%)	216(77.4%)	26(9.3%)	9(3.2%)	279
	Fruit nectars	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	3(23.1%)	10(76.9%)	13
	Artificially sweetened beverages	0(0%)	92(36.5%)	47(18.7%)	99(39.3%)	14(5.6%)	252
	Sweetened beverages	1(0.2%)	17(4%)	25(5.9%)	98(23.2%)	281(66.6%)	422
Sum		2129(16.1%)	1842(13.9%)	2968(22.4%)	3835(29%)	2467(18.6%)	13241

Results for Finland

For Finland, the OpenFoodFact table included 1915 foods. From this list, 639 products could not be affected to a specific food group and were deleted from the list. Then, 136 products were removed because the nutritional informations necessary to the calculation of the NutriScore were missing. 0 products were deleted after additionnal quality controls. Finally, the OpenFoodFact table used for this document included 1140 foods. The database contained 40 products composed mainly of fruits and vegetables, 200 bread and cereal products, 112 meat, fish and eggs products, 201 milk and dairy, 69 fats and sauces, 109 composite dishes, 315 sugary snacks, 22 salty snacks. Overall, the mean FSAm-NSP score was 9+/- 10 points.

The overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score is represented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score

The distribution of the Nutri-Score in the different food groups is represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

Figure 4: Distribution of the FSAm-NSP score for beverages.
Vertical lines represent the cut-offs of the 5-category Nutriscore.
The boundary of the box nearest to the left indicates the 25th percentile, the line within the box marks the median, and the boundary of the box furthest from the left indicates the 75th percentile. Whiskers (error bars) left and right of the box indicate the lower limit (25th percentile – 1.5 * (Inter-quartile range) and the upper limit (75th percentile + 1.5 * (Inter-quartile range)). The circles are individual outlier points. By definition, only water is classified as A and is shown at the top of the plot.

The distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups is displayed in Table 1.

Table 1: Distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups. ** Fruits based products ; *** Vegetables based products.

		A	B	C	D	E	Total
Fruits and vegetables*		26(65%)	3(7.5%)	11(27.5%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	40
	Vegetables***	17(81%)	3(14.3%)	1(4.8%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	21
	Dried fruits	1(25%)	0(0%)	3(75%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	4
	Fruits**	8(66.7%)	0(0%)	4(33.3%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	12
	Soups	0(0%)	0(0%)	3(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	3
Cereals and potatoes		120(60%)	39(19.5%)	30(15%)	9(4.5%)	2(1%)	200
	Bread	74(64.3%)	25(21.7%)	11(9.6%)	5(4.3%)	0(0%)	115
	Cereals	27(77.1%)	3(8.6%)	3(8.6%)	1(2.9%)	1(2.9%)	35
	Legumes	2(50%)	2(50%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	4
	Potatoes	0(0%)	3(50%)	3(50%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	6
	Breakfast cereals	17(42.5%)	6(15%)	13(32.5%)	3(7.5%)	1(2.5%)	40
Fish Meat Eggs		16(14.3%)	22(19.6%)	27(24.1%)	31(27.7%)	16(14.3%)	112
	Fish and seafood	3(12.5%)	11(45.8%)	5(20.8%)	5(20.8%)	0(0%)	24
	Meat	12(21.8%)	11(20%)	16(29.1%)	11(20%)	5(9.1%)	55
	Processed meat	0(0%)	0(0%)	6(18.8%)	15(46.9%)	11(34.4%)	32
	Eggs	1(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	1
Milk and dairy products		43(21.4%)	46(22.9%)	27(13.4%)	78(38.8%)	7(3.5%)	201
	Plant-based milk substitutes	3(13%)	18(78.3%)	1(4.3%)	1(4.3%)	0(0%)	23
	Milk and yogurt	20(33.9%)	28(47.5%)	9(15.3%)	2(3.4%)	0(0%)	59
	Cheese	9(14.1%)	0(0%)	3(4.7%)	49(76.6%)	3(4.7%)	64
	Dairy desserts	11(91.7%)	0(0%)	1(8.3%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	12
	Ice cream	0(0%)	0(0%)	13(30.2%)	26(60.5%)	4(9.3%)	43
Fat and sauces		7(10.1%)	1(1.4%)	13(18.8%)	34(49.3%)	14(20.3%)	69
	Dressings and sauces	7(14%)	1(2%)	8(16%)	30(60%)	4(8%)	50
	Fats	0(0%)	0(0%)	5(26.3%)	4(21.1%)	10(52.6%)	19
Salty snacks		4(18.2%)	0(0%)	7(31.8%)	9(40.9%)	2(9.1%)	22
	Appetizers	0(0%)	0(0%)	4(44.4%)	5(55.6%)	0(0%)	9
	Nuts	4(57.1%)	0(0%)	1(14.3%)	2(28.6%)	0(0%)	7
	Salty and fatty products	0(0%)	0(0%)	2(33.3%)	2(33.3%)	2(33.3%)	6
Sugary snacks		1(0.3%)	9(2.9%)	15(4.8%)	103(32.7%)	187(59.4%)	315
	Biscuits and cakes	0(0%)	2(2.1%)	4(4.2%)	22(23.2%)	67(70.5%)	95
	Chocolate products	0(0%)	0(0%)	1(1.6%)	2(3.2%)	59(95.2%)	62
	Sweets	1(0.6%)	7(4.5%)	10(6.4%)	78(49.7%)	61(38.9%)	157
	Pastries	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	1(100%)	0(0%)	1
Composite foods		14(12.8%)	25(22.9%)	41(37.6%)	29(26.6%)	0(0%)	109
	One-dish meals	13(14.9%)	22(25.3%)	32(36.8%)	20(23%)	0(0%)	87
	Pizza pies and quiches	1(5.3%)	3(15.8%)	7(36.8%)	8(42.1%)	0(0%)	19
	Sandwiches	0(0%)	0(0%)	2(66.7%)	1(33.3%)	0(0%)	3
Beverages		12(16.7%)	9(12.5%)	25(34.7%)	11(15.3%)	15(20.8%)	72
	Waters	12(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	12
	Fruit juices	0(0%)	3(27.3%)	8(72.7%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	11
	Artificially sweetened beverages	0(0%)	5(33.3%)	9(60%)	0(0%)	1(6.7%)	15
	Sweetened beverages	0(0%)	1(2.9%)	8(23.5%)	11(32.4%)	14(41.2%)	34
Sum		243(21.3%)	154(13.5%)	196(17.2%)	304(26.7%)	243(21.3%)	1140

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Results for France

For France, the OpenFoodFact table included 338885 foods. From this list, 63121 products could not be affected to a specific food group and were deleted from the list. Then, 35905 products were removed because the nutritional informations necessary to the calculation of the NutriScore were missing. 123 products were deleted after additionnal quality controls. Finally, the OpenFoodFact table used for this document included 239736 foods. The database contained 17253 products composed mainly of fruits and vegetables, 24346 bread and cereal products, 35721 meat, fish and eggs products, 33416 milk and dairy, 18460 fats and sauces, 24106 composite dishes, 52951 sugary snacks, 17246 salty snacks. Overall, the mean FSAm-NSP score was 9.5+/- 8.9 points.

The overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score is represented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score

The distribution of the Nutri-Score in the different food groups is represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

The distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups is displayed in Table 1.

Table 1: Distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups. ** Fruits based products ; *** Vegetables based products.

		A	B	C	D	E	Total
Fruits and vegetables*		10295(59.7%)	2521(14.6%)	3753(21.8%)	618(3.6%)	66(0.4%)	17253
	Vegetables***	6134(79.5%)	711(9.2%)	722(9.4%)	132(1.7%)	13(0.2%)	7712
	Dried fruits	410(13.1%)	586(18.7%)	1775(56.5%)	331(10.5%)	38(1.2%)	3140
	Fruits**	3502(73.5%)	361(7.6%)	769(16.1%)	121(2.5%)	12(0.3%)	4765
	Soups	249(15.2%)	863(52.8%)	487(29.8%)	34(2.1%)	3(0.2%)	1636
Cereals and potatoes		9917(40.7%)	4495(18.5%)	4932(20.3%)	4163(17.1%)	839(3.4%)	24346
	Bread	1084(18.8%)	1320(22.8%)	1758(30.4%)	1487(25.7%)	129(2.2%)	5778
	Cereals	6114(55.9%)	1884(17.2%)	1146(10.5%)	1274(11.7%)	517(4.7%)	10935
	Legumes	1316(56.9%)	404(17.5%)	192(8.3%)	277(12%)	124(5.4%)	2313
	Potatoes	473(33.7%)	401(28.6%)	463(33%)	59(4.2%)	6(0.4%)	1402
	Breakfast cereals	930(23.7%)	486(12.4%)	1373(35%)	1066(27.2%)	63(1.6%)	3918
Fish Meat Eggs		4688(13.1%)	4810(13.5%)	7243(20.3%)	11641(32.6%)	7339(20.5%)	35721
	Fish and seafood	1249(14.1%)	1951(22.1%)	2251(25.4%)	3292(37.2%)	105(1.2%)	8848
	Meat	2776(26.9%)	2318(22.5%)	2607(25.3%)	2162(21%)	454(4.4%)	10317
	Processed meat	35(0.2%)	357(2.4%)	2223(15%)	5594(37.7%)	6632(44.7%)	14841
	Eggs	601(79.5%)	90(11.9%)	30(4%)	27(3.6%)	8(1.1%)	756
	Offals	27(2.8%)	94(9.8%)	132(13.8%)	566(59%)	140(14.6%)	959
Milk and dairy products		2427(7.3%)	5976(17.9%)	7866(23.5%)	15550(46.5%)	1597(4.8%)	33416
	Plant-based milk substitutes	313(21.1%)	814(54.9%)	138(9.3%)	190(12.8%)	27(1.8%)	1482
	Milk and yogurt	1403(14.8%)	4237(44.8%)	2830(29.9%)	906(9.6%)	88(0.9%)	9464
	Cheese	72(0.5%)	149(1%)	1550(10.2%)	12423(81.4%)	1065(7%)	15259
	Dairy desserts	619(15.2%)	682(16.8%)	2095(51.6%)	608(15%)	59(1.5%)	4063
	Ice cream	20(0.6%)	94(3%)	1253(39.8%)	1423(45.2%)	358(11.4%)	3148
Fat and sauces		836(4.5%)	1106(6%)	5916(32%)	7105(38.5%)	3497(18.9%)	18460
	Dressings and sauces	750(6%)	1041(8.4%)	3192(25.6%)	5554(44.6%)	1916(15.4%)	12453
	Fats	86(1.4%)	65(1.1%)	2724(45.3%)	1551(25.8%)	1581(26.3%)	6007
Salty snacks		645(3.7%)	1246(7.2%)	4781(27.7%)	6809(39.5%)	3765(21.8%)	17246
	Appetizers	77(1.4%)	261(4.6%)	1733(30.4%)	2848(50%)	776(13.6%)	5695
	Nuts	476(15.5%)	572(18.6%)	1459(47.4%)	491(16%)	77(2.5%)	3075
	Salty and fatty products	92(1.1%)	413(4.9%)	1589(18.7%)	3470(40.9%)	2912(34.4%)	8476
Sugary snacks		415(0.8%)	1440(2.7%)	6138(11.6%)	20726(39.1%)	24232(45.8%)	52951
	Biscuits and cakes	158(0.7%)	287(1.3%)	1923(8.4%)	8824(38.4%)	11764(51.2%)	22956
	Chocolate products	9(0.1%)	27(0.4%)	96(1.3%)	1030(13.6%)	6389(84.6%)	7551
	Sweets	246(1.3%)	1098(5.7%)	3939(20.6%)	9185(48%)	4650(24.3%)	19118
	Pastries	2(0.1%)	28(0.8%)	180(5.4%)	1687(50.7%)	1429(43%)	3326
Composite foods		3879(16.1%)	7309(30.3%)	7477(31%)	4611(19.1%)	830(3.4%)	24106
	One-dish meals	3732(18.7%)	6702(33.6%)	6226(31.2%)	2818(14.1%)	478(2.4%)	19956
	Pizza pies and quiches	24(1%)	269(11.2%)	780(32.3%)	1042(43.2%)	297(12.3%)	2412
	Sandwiches	123(7.1%)	338(19.4%)	471(27.1%)	751(43.2%)	55(3.2%)	1738
Beverages		1405(8.7%)	1429(8.8%)	3923(24.2%)	2717(16.7%)	6763(41.7%)	16237
	Waters	1398(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	1398
	Teas and herbal teas and coffees	0(0%)	34(6.5%)	85(16.1%)	270(51.2%)	138(26.2%)	527
	Fruit juices	2(0%)	681(14.5%)	3049(65%)	673(14.3%)	289(6.2%)	4694
	Fruit nectars	0(0%)	8(1.1%)	36(5.2%)	94(13.5%)	559(80.2%)	697
	Artificially sweetened beverages	1(0.1%)	572(29.8%)	449(23.4%)	596(31.1%)	301(15.7%)	1919
	Sweetened beverages	4(0.1%)	134(1.9%)	304(4.3%)	1084(15.5%)	5476(78.2%)	7002
Sum		34507(14.4%)	30332(12.7%)	52029(21.7%)	73940(30.8%)	48928(20.4%)	239736

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Results for Germany

For Germany, the OpenFoodFact table included 65188 foods. From this list, 31898 products could not be affected to a specific food group and were deleted from the list. Then, 6150 products were removed because the nutritional informations necessary to the calculation of the NutriScore were missing. 49 products were deleted after additionnal quality controls. Finally, the OpenFoodFact table used for this document included 27091 foods. The database contained 1747 products composed mainly of fruits and vegetables, 4345 bread and cereal products, 2543 meat, fish and eggs products, 5411 milk and dairy, 2296 fats and sauces, 2287 composite dishes, 5029 sugary snacks, 1043 salty snacks. Overall, the mean FSAm-NSP score was 8.8+/- 9.1 points.

The overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score is represented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score

The distribution of the Nutri-Score in the different food groups is represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

The distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups is displayed in Table 1.

Table 1: Distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups. ** Fruits based products ; *** Vegetables based products.

		A	B	C	D	E	Total
Fruits and vegetables*		1029(58.9%)	321(18.4%)	353(20.2%)	41(2.3%)	3(0.2%)	1747
	Vegetables***	666(63.1%)	241(22.8%)	128(12.1%)	17(1.6%)	3(0.3%)	1055
	Dried fruits	21(8.6%)	47(19.3%)	158(65%)	17(7%)	0(0%)	243
	Fruits**	338(82.4%)	19(4.6%)	47(11.5%)	6(1.5%)	0(0%)	410
	Soups	4(10.3%)	14(35.9%)	20(51.3%)	1(2.6%)	0(0%)	39
Cereals and potatoes		2074(47.7%)	757(17.4%)	919(21.2%)	516(11.9%)	79(1.8%)	4345
	Bread	265(25.6%)	225(21.7%)	364(35.1%)	165(15.9%)	18(1.7%)	1037
	Cereals	1161(65.2%)	280(15.7%)	192(10.8%)	114(6.4%)	33(1.9%)	1780
	Legumes	276(59.4%)	70(15.1%)	41(8.8%)	59(12.7%)	19(4.1%)	465
	Potatoes	28(19.4%)	56(38.9%)	53(36.8%)	6(4.2%)	1(0.7%)	144
	Breakfast cereals	344(37.4%)	126(13.7%)	269(29.3%)	172(18.7%)	8(0.9%)	919
Fish Meat Eggs		170(6.7%)	307(12.1%)	369(14.5%)	912(35.9%)	785(30.9%)	2543
	Fish and seafood	114(14.7%)	184(23.7%)	174(22.4%)	291(37.4%)	15(1.9%)	778
	Meat	45(12.6%)	54(15.2%)	100(28.1%)	121(34%)	36(10.1%)	356
	Processed meat	5(0.4%)	3(0.2%)	92(6.9%)	499(37.5%)	732(55%)	1331
	Eggs	6(8.1%)	66(89.2%)	1(1.4%)	1(1.4%)	0(0%)	74
	Offals	0(0%)	0(0%)	2(50%)	0(0%)	2(50%)	4
Milk and dairy products		682(12.6%)	1163(21.5%)	1199(22.2%)	2181(40.3%)	186(3.4%)	5411
	Plant-based milk substitutes	75(19.8%)	208(55%)	37(9.8%)	54(14.3%)	4(1.1%)	378
	Milk and yogurt	322(17%)	763(40.4%)	594(31.4%)	197(10.4%)	13(0.7%)	1889
	Cheese	212(9%)	121(5.1%)	281(11.9%)	1660(70.2%)	90(3.8%)	2364
	Dairy desserts	67(17.9%)	60(16%)	196(52.3%)	35(9.3%)	17(4.5%)	375
	Ice cream	6(1.5%)	11(2.7%)	91(22.5%)	235(58%)	62(15.3%)	405
Fat and sauces		87(3.8%)	142(6.2%)	786(34.2%)	945(41.2%)	336(14.6%)	2296
	Dressings and sauces	85(4.8%)	141(8%)	565(32.1%)	801(45.5%)	169(9.6%)	1761
	Fats	2(0.4%)	1(0.2%)	221(41.3%)	144(26.9%)	167(31.2%)	535
Salty snacks		89(8.5%)	87(8.3%)	354(33.9%)	436(41.8%)	77(7.4%)	1043
	Appetizers	0(0%)	7(5.3%)	22(16.8%)	85(64.9%)	17(13%)	131
	Nuts	79(16%)	64(12.9%)	207(41.8%)	112(22.6%)	33(6.7%)	495
	Salty and fatty products	10(2.4%)	16(3.8%)	125(30%)	239(57.3%)	27(6.5%)	417
Sugary snacks		81(1.6%)	156(3.1%)	405(8.1%)	1577(31.4%)	2810(55.9%)	5029
	Biscuits and cakes	20(1.1%)	18(1%)	135(7.3%)	606(32.8%)	1067(57.8%)	1846
	Chocolate products	1(0.1%)	4(0.4%)	4(0.4%)	96(8.5%)	1023(90.7%)	1128
	Sweets	60(3%)	133(6.6%)	263(13.1%)	857(42.8%)	688(34.4%)	2001
	Pastries	0(0%)	1(1.9%)	3(5.6%)	18(33.3%)	32(59.3%)	54
Composite foods		172(7.5%)	446(19.5%)	955(41.8%)	638(27.9%)	76(3.3%)	2287
	One-dish meals	159(8.4%)	388(20.4%)	796(41.8%)	489(25.7%)	72(3.8%)	1904
	Pizza pies and quiches	9(2.9%)	46(14.9%)	141(45.8%)	110(35.7%)	2(0.6%)	308
	Sandwiches	4(5.3%)	12(16%)	18(24%)	39(52%)	2(2.7%)	75
Beverages		596(24.9%)	197(8.2%)	497(20.8%)	343(14.4%)	757(31.7%)	2390
	Waters	594(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	594
	Teas and herbal teas and coffees	0(0%)	2(3.8%)	5(9.4%)	26(49.1%)	20(37.7%)	53
	Fruit juices	0(0%)	56(11.1%)	357(71%)	51(10.1%)	39(7.8%)	503
	Fruit nectars	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	4(22.2%)	14(77.8%)	18
	Artificially sweetened beverages	1(0.4%)	115(40.6%)	81(28.6%)	49(17.3%)	37(13.1%)	283
	Sweetened beverages	1(0.1%)	24(2.6%)	54(5.8%)	213(22.7%)	647(68.9%)	939
Sum		4980(18.4%)	3576(13.2%)	5837(21.5%)	7589(28%)	5109(18.9%)	27091

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Results for Italy

For Italy, the OpenFoodFact table included 16077 foods. From this list, 9327 products could not be affected to a specific food group and were deleted from the list. Then, 773 products were removed because the nutritional informations necessary to the calculation of the NutriScore were missing. 10 products were deleted after additionnal quality controls. Finally, the OpenFoodFact table used for this document included 5967 foods. The database contained 284 products composed mainly of fruits and vegetables, 1249 bread and cereal products, 419 meat, fish and eggs products, 1205 milk and dairy, 454 fats and sauces, 340 composite dishes, 1472 sugary snacks, 155 salty snacks. Overall, the mean FSAm-NSP score was 7.9+/- 8.8 points.

The overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score is represented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score

The distribution of the Nutri-Score in the different food groups is represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

The distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups is displayed in Table 1.

Table 1: Distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups. ** Fruits based products ; *** Vegetables based products.

		A	B	C	D	E	Total
Fruits and vegetables*		191(67.3%)	54(19%)	34(12%)	4(1.4%)	1(0.4%)	284
	Vegetables***	133(80.1%)	19(11.4%)	12(7.2%)	1(0.6%)	1(0.6%)	166
	Dried fruits	11(34.4%)	9(28.1%)	11(34.4%)	1(3.1%)	0(0%)	32
	Fruits**	41(63.1%)	12(18.5%)	11(16.9%)	1(1.5%)	0(0%)	65
	Soups	6(28.6%)	14(66.7%)	0(0%)	1(4.8%)	0(0%)	21
Cereals and potatoes		630(50.4%)	166(13.3%)	233(18.7%)	204(16.3%)	16(1.3%)	1249
	Bread	47(16.6%)	56(19.8%)	86(30.4%)	89(31.4%)	5(1.8%)	283
	Cereals	426(74.9%)	64(11.2%)	42(7.4%)	33(5.8%)	4(0.7%)	569
	Legumes	93(81.6%)	12(10.5%)	6(5.3%)	3(2.6%)	0(0%)	114
	Potatoes	7(22.6%)	9(29%)	15(48.4%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	31
	Breakfast cereals	57(22.6%)	25(9.9%)	84(33.3%)	79(31.3%)	7(2.8%)	252
Fish Meat Eggs		36(8.6%)	72(17.2%)	87(20.8%)	180(43%)	44(10.5%)	419
	Fish and seafood	31(16.9%)	38(20.8%)	37(20.2%)	77(42.1%)	0(0%)	183
	Meat	1(1.6%)	7(11.3%)	19(30.6%)	27(43.5%)	8(12.9%)	62
	Processed meat	0(0%)	3(2.1%)	31(21.7%)	73(51%)	36(25.2%)	143
	Eggs	4(12.9%)	24(77.4%)	0(0%)	3(9.7%)	0(0%)	31
Milk and dairy products		191(15.9%)	366(30.4%)	290(24.1%)	319(26.5%)	39(3.2%)	1205
	Plant-based milk substitutes	39(30.7%)	79(62.2%)	8(6.3%)	1(0.8%)	0(0%)	127
	Milk and yogurt	139(23.4%)	271(45.5%)	153(25.7%)	26(4.4%)	6(1%)	595
	Cheese	7(1.8%)	15(3.9%)	104(27.3%)	232(60.9%)	23(6%)	381
	Dairy desserts	5(31.2%)	0(0%)	6(37.5%)	5(31.2%)	0(0%)	16
	Ice cream	1(1.2%)	1(1.2%)	19(22.1%)	55(64%)	10(11.6%)	86
Fat and sauces		30(6.6%)	26(5.7%)	143(31.5%)	126(27.8%)	129(28.4%)	454
	Dressings and sauces	28(9.2%)	25(8.3%)	61(20.1%)	103(34%)	86(28.4%)	303
	Fats	2(1.3%)	1(0.7%)	82(54.3%)	23(15.2%)	43(28.5%)	151
Salty snacks		21(13.5%)	6(3.9%)	62(40%)	60(38.7%)	6(3.9%)	155
	Appetizers	0(0%)	1(1.9%)	17(32.1%)	31(58.5%)	4(7.5%)	53
	Nuts	19(43.2%)	4(9.1%)	18(40.9%)	2(4.5%)	1(2.3%)	44
	Salty and fatty products	2(3.4%)	1(1.7%)	27(46.6%)	27(46.6%)	1(1.7%)	58
Sugary snacks		28(1.9%)	43(2.9%)	284(19.3%)	575(39.1%)	542(36.8%)	1472
	Biscuits and cakes	11(1.6%)	10(1.4%)	140(20.3%)	303(43.8%)	227(32.9%)	691
	Chocolate products	0(0%)	2(1%)	0(0%)	60(28.6%)	148(70.5%)	210
	Sweets	16(3.2%)	31(6.3%)	135(27.3%)	181(36.6%)	132(26.7%)	495
	Pastries	1(1.3%)	0(0%)	9(11.8%)	31(40.8%)	35(46.1%)	76
Composite foods		36(10.6%)	59(17.4%)	113(33.2%)	118(34.7%)	14(4.1%)	340
	One-dish meals	32(12.2%)	49(18.7%)	86(32.8%)	86(32.8%)	9(3.4%)	262
	Pizza pies and quiches	2(2.9%)	10(14.5%)	23(33.3%)	29(42%)	5(7.2%)	69
	Sandwiches	2(22.2%)	0(0%)	4(44.4%)	3(33.3%)	0(0%)	9
Beverages		99(25.4%)	29(7.5%)	77(19.8%)	36(9.3%)	148(38%)	389
	Waters	97(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	97
	Teas and herbal teas and coffees	0(0%)	1(25%)	0(0%)	1(25%)	2(50%)	4
	Fruit juices	2(2.3%)	13(15.1%)	57(66.3%)	13(15.1%)	1(1.2%)	86
	Fruit nectars	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	2(7.7%)	24(92.3%)	26
	Artificially sweetened beverages	0(0%)	14(30.4%)	10(21.7%)	14(30.4%)	8(17.4%)	46
	Sweetened beverages	0(0%)	1(0.8%)	10(7.7%)	6(4.6%)	113(86.9%)	130
Sum		1262(21.1%)	821(13.8%)	1323(22.2%)	1622(27.2%)	939(15.7%)	5967

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Results for the Netherlands

For the Netherlands, the OpenFoodFact table included 7872 foods. From this list, 5223 products could not be affected to a specific food group and were deleted from the list. Then, 315 products were removed because the nutritional informations necessary to the calculation of the NutriScore were missing. 8 products were deleted after additionnal quality controls. Finally, the OpenFoodFact table used for this document included 2326 foods. The database contained 131 products composed mainly of fruits and vegetables, 451 bread and cereal products, 106 meat, fish and eggs products, 375 milk and dairy, 226 fats and sauces, 155 composite dishes, 563 sugary snacks, 140 salty snacks. Overall, the mean FSAm-NSP score was 8.1+/- 9.3 points.

The overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score is represented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score

The distribution of the Nutri-Score in the different food groups is represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

The distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups is displayed in Table 1.

Table 1: Distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups. ** Fruits based products ; *** Vegetables based products.

		A	B	C	D	E	Total
Fruits and vegetables*		92(70.2%)	18(13.7%)	19(14.5%)	2(1.5%)	0(0%)	131
	Vegetables***	60(87%)	6(8.7%)	3(4.3%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	69
	Dried fruits	1(6.2%)	5(31.2%)	8(50%)	2(12.5%)	0(0%)	16
	Fruits**	30(90.9%)	2(6.1%)	1(3%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	33
	Soups	1(7.7%)	5(38.5%)	7(53.8%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	13
Cereals and potatoes		232(51.4%)	69(15.3%)	88(19.5%)	60(13.3%)	2(0.4%)	451
	Bread	35(33%)	28(26.4%)	26(24.5%)	16(15.1%)	1(0.9%)	106
	Cereals	106(67.5%)	19(12.1%)	20(12.7%)	12(7.6%)	0(0%)	157
	Legumes	47(56.6%)	3(3.6%)	9(10.8%)	24(28.9%)	0(0%)	83
	Potatoes	4(40%)	3(30%)	3(30%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	10
	Breakfast cereals	40(42.1%)	16(16.8%)	30(31.6%)	8(8.4%)	1(1.1%)	95
Fish Meat Eggs		9(8.5%)	16(15.1%)	19(17.9%)	37(34.9%)	25(23.6%)	106
	Fish and seafood	4(9.3%)	15(34.9%)	11(25.6%)	13(30.2%)	0(0%)	43
	Meat	4(16%)	1(4%)	6(24%)	11(44%)	3(12%)	25
	Processed meat	0(0%)	0(0%)	2(5.4%)	13(35.1%)	22(59.5%)	37
	Eggs	1(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	1
Milk and dairy products		88(23.5%)	118(31.5%)	49(13.1%)	106(28.3%)	14(3.7%)	375
	Plant-based milk substitutes	26(33.3%)	45(57.7%)	3(3.8%)	4(5.1%)	0(0%)	78
	Milk and yogurt	55(36.4%)	64(42.4%)	23(15.2%)	8(5.3%)	1(0.7%)	151
	Cheese	2(2%)	6(6.1%)	12(12.1%)	71(71.7%)	8(8.1%)	99
	Dairy desserts	4(36.4%)	0(0%)	7(63.6%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	11
	Ice cream	1(2.8%)	3(8.3%)	4(11.1%)	23(63.9%)	5(13.9%)	36
Fat and sauces		14(6.2%)	12(5.3%)	63(27.9%)	103(45.6%)	34(15%)	226
	Dressings and sauces	11(6.9%)	11(6.9%)	39(24.4%)	77(48.1%)	22(13.8%)	160
	Fats	3(4.5%)	1(1.5%)	24(36.4%)	26(39.4%)	12(18.2%)	66
Salty snacks		18(12.9%)	13(9.3%)	55(39.3%)	48(34.3%)	6(4.3%)	140
	Appetizers	1(2.4%)	2(4.9%)	8(19.5%)	24(58.5%)	6(14.6%)	41
	Nuts	17(30.9%)	9(16.4%)	20(36.4%)	9(16.4%)	0(0%)	55
	Salty and fatty products	0(0%)	2(4.5%)	27(61.4%)	15(34.1%)	0(0%)	44
Sugary snacks		8(1.4%)	19(3.4%)	77(13.7%)	189(33.6%)	270(48%)	563
	Biscuits and cakes	1(0.5%)	6(3.1%)	26(13.5%)	64(33.3%)	95(49.5%)	192
	Chocolate products	0(0%)	1(0.6%)	0(0%)	31(19.4%)	128(80%)	160
	Sweets	7(3.4%)	12(5.8%)	50(24.2%)	92(44.4%)	46(22.2%)	207
	Pastries	0(0%)	0(0%)	1(25%)	2(50%)	1(25%)	4
Composite foods		19(12.3%)	25(16.1%)	73(47.1%)	31(20%)	7(4.5%)	155
	One-dish meals	13(11.4%)	22(19.3%)	49(43%)	23(20.2%)	7(6.1%)	114
	Pizza pies and quiches	1(3.7%)	1(3.7%)	20(74.1%)	5(18.5%)	0(0%)	27
	Sandwiches	5(35.7%)	2(14.3%)	4(28.6%)	3(21.4%)	0(0%)	14
Beverages		32(17.9%)	18(10.1%)	46(25.7%)	38(21.2%)	45(25.1%)	179
	Waters	31(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	31
	Teas and herbal teas and coffees	0(0%)	0(0%)	3(16.7%)	9(50%)	6(33.3%)	18
	Fruit juices	0(0%)	6(14%)	30(69.8%)	7(16.3%)	0(0%)	43
	Fruit nectars	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	1(100%)	1
	Artificially sweetened beverages	0(0%)	12(48%)	5(20%)	7(28%)	1(4%)	25
	Sweetened beverages	1(1.6%)	0(0%)	8(13.1%)	15(24.6%)	37(60.7%)	61
Sum		512(22%)	308(13.2%)	489(21%)	614(26.4%)	403(17.3%)	2326

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Results for Poland

For the Poland, the OpenFoodFact table included 4739 foods. From this list, 2483 products could not be affected to a specific food group and were deleted from the list. Then, 192 products were removed because the nutritional informations necessary to the calculation of the NutriScore were missing. 1 products were deleted after additionnal quality controls. Finally, the OpenFoodFact table used for this document included 2063 foods. The database contained 99 products composed mainly of fruits and vegetables, 261 bread and cereal products, 155 meat, fish and eggs products, 507 milk and dairy, 280 fats and sauces, 96 composite dishes, 327 sugary snacks, 130 salty snacks. Overall, the mean FSAm-NSP score was 8.8+/- 8.8 points.

The overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score is represented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score

The distribution of the Nutri-Score in the different food groups is represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

The distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups is displayed in Table 1.

Table 1: Distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups. ** Fruits based products ; *** Vegetables based products.

		A	B	C	D	E	Total
Fruits and vegetables*		55(55.6%)	27(27.3%)	14(14.1%)	3(3%)	0(0%)	99
	Vegetables***	39(63.9%)	14(23%)	6(9.8%)	2(3.3%)	0(0%)	61
	Dried fruits	2(13.3%)	9(60%)	4(26.7%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	15
	Fruits**	13(81.2%)	1(6.2%)	2(12.5%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	16
	Soups	1(14.3%)	3(42.9%)	2(28.6%)	1(14.3%)	0(0%)	7
Cereals and potatoes		152(58.2%)	31(11.9%)	58(22.2%)	18(6.9%)	2(0.8%)	261
	Bread	18(31.6%)	14(24.6%)	19(33.3%)	6(10.5%)	0(0%)	57
	Cereals	97(83.6%)	7(6%)	10(8.6%)	2(1.7%)	0(0%)	116
	Legumes	12(60%)	2(10%)	1(5%)	3(15%)	2(10%)	20
	Potatoes	2(50%)	1(25%)	1(25%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	4
	Breakfast cereals	23(35.9%)	7(10.9%)	27(42.2%)	7(10.9%)	0(0%)	64
Fish Meat Eggs		9(5.8%)	15(9.7%)	38(24.5%)	64(41.3%)	29(18.7%)	155
	Fish and seafood	2(2.8%)	11(15.5%)	28(39.4%)	30(42.3%)	0(0%)	71
	Meat	0(0%)	3(10%)	5(16.7%)	18(60%)	4(13.3%)	30
	Processed meat	1(2.1%)	1(2.1%)	4(8.5%)	16(34%)	25(53.2%)	47
	Eggs	6(85.7%)	0(0%)	1(14.3%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	7
Milk and dairy products		55(10.8%)	196(38.7%)	73(14.4%)	147(29%)	36(7.1%)	507
	Plant-based milk substitutes	3(21.4%)	10(71.4%)	1(7.1%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	14
	Milk and yogurt	34(13.3%)	171(66.8%)	40(15.6%)	9(3.5%)	2(0.8%)	256
	Cheese	14(10.7%)	14(10.7%)	17(13%)	79(60.3%)	7(5.3%)	131
	Dairy desserts	4(28.6%)	1(7.1%)	6(42.9%)	3(21.4%)	0(0%)	14
	Ice cream	0(0%)	0(0%)	9(9.8%)	56(60.9%)	27(29.3%)	92
Fat and sauces		7(2.5%)	4(1.4%)	54(19.3%)	151(53.9%)	64(22.9%)	280
	Dressings and sauces	7(3.6%)	4(2.1%)	43(22.2%)	134(69.1%)	6(3.1%)	194
	Fats	0(0%)	0(0%)	11(12.8%)	17(19.8%)	58(67.4%)	86
Salty snacks		3(2.3%)	5(3.8%)	43(33.1%)	76(58.5%)	3(2.3%)	130
	Appetizers	1(1.8%)	2(3.6%)	16(29.1%)	33(60%)	3(5.5%)	55
	Nuts	2(15.4%)	2(15.4%)	3(23.1%)	6(46.2%)	0(0%)	13
	Salty and fatty products	0(0%)	1(1.6%)	24(38.7%)	37(59.7%)	0(0%)	62
Sugary snacks		4(1.2%)	9(2.8%)	52(15.9%)	79(24.2%)	183(56%)	327
	Biscuits and cakes	3(3.1%)	1(1%)	21(21.9%)	22(22.9%)	49(51%)	96
	Chocolate products	0(0%)	1(1.2%)	0(0%)	10(12.3%)	70(86.4%)	81
	Sweets	1(0.7%)	7(4.8%)	31(21.4%)	44(30.3%)	62(42.8%)	145
	Pastries	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	3(60%)	2(40%)	5
Composite foods		3(3.1%)	27(28.1%)	48(50%)	14(14.6%)	4(4.2%)	96
	One-dish meals	3(4.3%)	21(30%)	38(54.3%)	5(7.1%)	3(4.3%)	70
	Pizza pies and quiches	0(0%)	6(24%)	10(40%)	9(36%)	0(0%)	25
	Sandwiches	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	1(100%)	1
Beverages		46(22.1%)	16(7.7%)	32(15.4%)	33(15.9%)	81(38.9%)	208
	Waters	46(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	46
	Teas and herbal teas and coffees	0(0%)	1(33.3%)	0(0%)	2(66.7%)	0(0%)	3
	Fruit juices	0(0%)	6(16.7%)	22(61.1%)	8(22.2%)	0(0%)	36
	Fruit nectars	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	2(100%)	2
	Artificially sweetened beverages	0(0%)	9(26.5%)	6(17.6%)	10(29.4%)	9(26.5%)	34
	Sweetened beverages	0(0%)	0(0%)	4(4.6%)	13(14.9%)	70(80.5%)	87
Sum		334(16.2%)	330(16%)	412(20%)	585(28.4%)	402(19.5%)	2063

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Results for Portugal

For the Portugal, the OpenFoodFact table included 3792 foods. From this list, 2235 products could not be affected to a specific food group and were deleted from the list. Then, 182 products were removed because the nutritional informations necessary to the calculation of the NutriScore were missing. 2 products were deleted after additionnal quality controls. Finally, the OpenFoodFact table used for this document included 1373 foods. The database contained 59 products composed mainly of fruits and vegetables, 267 bread and cereal products, 71 meat, fish and eggs products, 289 milk and dairy, 95 fats and sauces, 45 composite dishes, 325 sugary snacks, 71 salty snacks. Overall, the mean FSAm-NSP score was 8+/- 8.7 points.

The overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score is represented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score

The distribution of the Nutri-Score in the different food groups is represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

The distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups is displayed in Table 1.

Table 1: Distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups. ** Fruits based products ; *** Vegetables based products.

		A	B	C	D	E	Total
Fruits and vegetables*		35(59.3%)	9(15.3%)	12(20.3%)	3(5.1%)	0(0%)	59
	Vegetables***	25(78.1%)	3(9.4%)	3(9.4%)	1(3.1%)	0(0%)	32
	Dried fruits	0(0%)	0(0%)	5(83.3%)	1(16.7%)	0(0%)	6
	Fruits**	7(77.8%)	0(0%)	2(22.2%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	9
	Soups	3(25%)	6(50%)	2(16.7%)	1(8.3%)	0(0%)	12
Cereals and potatoes		99(37.1%)	45(16.9%)	73(27.3%)	44(16.5%)	6(2.2%)	267
	Bread	20(37%)	11(20.4%)	19(35.2%)	4(7.4%)	0(0%)	54
	Cereals	46(53.5%)	20(23.3%)	15(17.4%)	4(4.7%)	1(1.2%)	86
	Legumes	11(52.4%)	1(4.8%)	1(4.8%)	5(23.8%)	3(14.3%)	21
	Potatoes	1(33.3%)	1(33.3%)	0(0%)	1(33.3%)	0(0%)	3
	Breakfast cereals	21(20.4%)	12(11.7%)	38(36.9%)	30(29.1%)	2(1.9%)	103
Fish Meat Eggs		5(7%)	15(21.1%)	21(29.6%)	27(38%)	3(4.2%)	71
	Fish and seafood	3(7.9%)	9(23.7%)	19(50%)	7(18.4%)	0(0%)	38
	Meat	0(0%)	0(0%)	1(33.3%)	2(66.7%)	0(0%)	3
	Processed meat	0(0%)	2(8.3%)	1(4.2%)	18(75%)	3(12.5%)	24
	Eggs	2(33.3%)	4(66.7%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	6
Milk and dairy products		63(21.8%)	103(35.6%)	47(16.3%)	71(24.6%)	5(1.7%)	289
	Plant-based milk substitutes	10(34.5%)	19(65.5%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	29
	Milk and yogurt	44(26.7%)	80(48.5%)	31(18.8%)	10(6.1%)	0(0%)	165
	Cheese	5(10.9%)	3(6.5%)	4(8.7%)	34(73.9%)	0(0%)	46
	Dairy desserts	4(44.4%)	1(11.1%)	3(33.3%)	1(11.1%)	0(0%)	9
	Ice cream	0(0%)	0(0%)	9(22.5%)	26(65%)	5(12.5%)	40
Fat and sauces		3(3.2%)	7(7.4%)	19(20%)	47(49.5%)	19(20%)	95
	Dressings and sauces	1(1.8%)	7(12.7%)	5(9.1%)	38(69.1%)	4(7.3%)	55
	Fats	2(5%)	0(0%)	14(35%)	9(22.5%)	15(37.5%)	40
Salty snacks		3(4.2%)	3(4.2%)	27(38%)	34(47.9%)	4(5.6%)	71
	Appetizers	0(0%)	1(2.4%)	15(35.7%)	23(54.8%)	3(7.1%)	42
	Nuts	3(33.3%)	1(11.1%)	4(44.4%)	1(11.1%)	0(0%)	9
	Salty and fatty products	0(0%)	1(5%)	8(40%)	10(50%)	1(5%)	20
Sugary snacks		9(2.8%)	17(5.2%)	37(11.4%)	128(39.4%)	134(41.2%)	325
	Biscuits and cakes	3(1.5%)	8(3.9%)	26(12.7%)	87(42.6%)	80(39.2%)	204
	Chocolate products	0(0%)	0(0%)	2(4.1%)	8(16.3%)	39(79.6%)	49
	Sweets	5(7.1%)	9(12.9%)	9(12.9%)	33(47.1%)	14(20%)	70
	Pastries	1(50%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	1(50%)	2
Composite foods		11(24.4%)	11(24.4%)	14(31.1%)	8(17.8%)	1(2.2%)	45
	One-dish meals	10(32.3%)	8(25.8%)	7(22.6%)	5(16.1%)	1(3.2%)	31
	Pizza pies and quiches	0(0%)	3(23.1%)	7(53.8%)	3(23.1%)	0(0%)	13
	Sandwiches	1(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	1
Beverages		44(29.1%)	11(7.3%)	22(14.6%)	35(23.2%)	39(25.8%)	151
	Waters	44(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	44
	Teas and herbal teas and coffees	0(0%)	1(5.9%)	3(17.6%)	12(70.6%)	1(5.9%)	17
	Fruit juices	0(0%)	1(7.7%)	9(69.2%)	3(23.1%)	0(0%)	13
	Fruit nectars	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	3(30%)	7(70%)	10
	Artificially sweetened beverages	0(0%)	6(24%)	2(8%)	10(40%)	7(28%)	25
	Sweetened beverages	0(0%)	3(7.1%)	8(19%)	7(16.7%)	24(57.1%)	42
Sum		272(19.8%)	221(16.1%)	272(19.8%)	397(28.9%)	211(15.4%)	1373

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Results for Spain

For Spain, the OpenFoodFact table included 186241 foods. From this list, 132467 products could not be affected to a specific food group and were deleted from the list. Then, 6746 products were removed because the nutritional informations necessary to the calculation of the NutriScore were missing. 19 products were deleted after additionnal quality controls. Finally, the OpenFoodFact table used for this document included 47009 foods. The database contained 4244 products composed mainly of fruits and vegetables, 6811 bread and cereal products, 6716 meat, fish and eggs products, 7868 milk and dairy, 3909 fats and sauces, 2350 composite dishes, 9555 sugary snacks, 3154 salty snacks. Overall, the mean FSAm-NSP score was 8.7+/- 8.7 points.

The overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score is represented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score

The distribution of the Nutri-Score in the different food groups is represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

The distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups is displayed in Table 1.

Table 1: Distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups. ** Fruits based products ; *** Vegetables based products.

		A	B	C	D	E	Total
Fruits and vegetables*		2712(63.9%)	533(12.6%)	864(20.4%)	121(2.9%)	14(0.3%)	4244
	Vegetables***	2211(82.3%)	251(9.3%)	182(6.8%)	40(1.5%)	2(0.1%)	2686
	Dried fruits	25(5.6%)	50(11.3%)	316(71.3%)	45(10.2%)	7(1.6%)	443
	Fruits**	425(66.5%)	48(7.5%)	144(22.5%)	20(3.1%)	2(0.3%)	639
	Soups	51(10.7%)	184(38.7%)	222(46.6%)	16(3.4%)	3(0.6%)	476
Cereals and potatoes		2143(31.5%)	1530(22.5%)	1444(21.2%)	1469(21.6%)	225(3.3%)	6811
	Bread	235(11.6%)	377(18.5%)	750(36.9%)	640(31.5%)	32(1.6%)	2034
	Cereals	1215(46.3%)	639(24.4%)	305(11.6%)	328(12.5%)	135(5.1%)	2622
	Legumes	470(46.6%)	333(33%)	84(8.3%)	98(9.7%)	23(2.3%)	1008
	Potatoes	33(50%)	17(25.8%)	13(19.7%)	3(4.5%)	0(0%)	66
	Breakfast cereals	190(17.6%)	164(15.2%)	292(27%)	400(37%)	35(3.2%)	1081
Fish Meat Eggs		643(9.6%)	962(14.3%)	1486(22.1%)	2460(36.6%)	1165(17.3%)	6716
	Fish and seafood	291(10.7%)	622(23%)	857(31.6%)	913(33.7%)	27(1%)	2710
	Meat	225(20.2%)	196(17.6%)	302(27.2%)	277(24.9%)	112(10.1%)	1112
	Processed meat	10(0.4%)	66(2.5%)	313(11.7%)	1261(47.2%)	1024(38.3%)	2674
	Eggs	117(56.8%)	73(35.4%)	10(4.9%)	5(2.4%)	1(0.5%)	206
	Offals	0(0%)	5(35.7%)	4(28.6%)	4(28.6%)	1(7.1%)	14
Milk and dairy products		890(11.3%)	2104(26.7%)	1367(17.4%)	3098(39.4%)	409(5.2%)	7868
	Plant-based milk substitutes	139(21.3%)	432(66.2%)	51(7.8%)	22(3.4%)	9(1.4%)	653
	Milk and yogurt	641(21.8%)	1570(53.3%)	583(19.8%)	133(4.5%)	20(0.7%)	2947
	Cheese	71(2.3%)	31(1%)	298(9.6%)	2502(80.5%)	207(6.7%)	3109
	Dairy desserts	34(8%)	50(11.8%)	259(61.1%)	74(17.5%)	7(1.7%)	424
	Ice cream	5(0.7%)	21(2.9%)	176(23.9%)	367(49.9%)	166(22.6%)	735
Fat and sauces		209(5.3%)	231(5.9%)	2074(53.1%)	975(24.9%)	420(10.7%)	3909
	Dressings and sauces	188(8.7%)	219(10.1%)	788(36.4%)	734(33.9%)	238(11%)	2167
	Fats	21(1.2%)	12(0.7%)	1286(73.8%)	241(13.8%)	182(10.4%)	1742
Salty snacks		106(3.4%)	186(5.9%)	881(27.9%)	1671(53%)	310(9.8%)	3154
	Appetizers	7(0.6%)	25(2.2%)	214(19.1%)	741(66.2%)	133(11.9%)	1120
	Nuts	66(7.3%)	109(12%)	343(37.9%)	296(32.7%)	91(10.1%)	905
	Salty and fatty products	33(2.9%)	52(4.6%)	324(28.7%)	634(56.2%)	86(7.6%)	1129
Sugary snacks		225(2.4%)	502(5.3%)	1214(12.7%)	3551(37.2%)	4063(42.5%)	9555
	Biscuits and cakes	35(1%)	94(2.7%)	358(10.3%)	1400(40.4%)	1577(45.5%)	3464
	Chocolate products	1(0.1%)	4(0.3%)	45(3%)	379(25%)	1084(71.6%)	1513
	Sweets	188(4.4%)	404(9.5%)	789(18.5%)	1645(38.6%)	1239(29.1%)	4265
	Pastries	1(0.3%)	0(0%)	22(7%)	127(40.6%)	163(52.1%)	313
Composite foods		225(9.6%)	460(19.6%)	842(35.8%)	734(31.2%)	89(3.8%)	2350
	One-dish meals	198(13.1%)	391(25.8%)	623(41.1%)	243(16%)	61(4%)	1516
	Pizza pies and quiches	5(1.2%)	24(5.8%)	113(27.4%)	251(60.8%)	20(4.8%)	413
	Sandwiches	22(5.2%)	45(10.7%)	106(25.2%)	240(57%)	8(1.9%)	421
Beverages		776(32.3%)	319(13.3%)	544(22.6%)	361(15%)	402(16.7%)	2402
	Waters	774(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	774
	Teas and herbal teas and coffees	0(0%)	16(17.2%)	23(24.7%)	39(41.9%)	15(16.1%)	93
	Fruit juices	1(0.1%)	140(20.3%)	409(59.4%)	117(17%)	21(3.1%)	688
	Fruit nectars	0(0%)	4(2.6%)	15(9.7%)	58(37.4%)	78(50.3%)	155
	Artificially sweetened beverages	1(0.4%)	107(37.9%)	56(19.9%)	75(26.6%)	43(15.2%)	282
	Sweetened beverages	0(0%)	52(12.7%)	41(10%)	72(17.6%)	245(59.8%)	410
Sum		7929(16.9%)	6827(14.5%)	10716(22.8%)	14440(30.7%)	7097(15.1%)	47009

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Results for Sweden

For Sweden, the OpenFoodFact table included 3544 foods. From this list, 1220 products could not be affected to a specific food group and were deleted from the list. Then, 233 products were removed because the nutritional informations necessary to the calculation of the NutriScore were missing. 1 products were deleted after additionnal quality controls. Finally, the OpenFoodFact table used for this document included 2090 foods. The database contained 78 products composed mainly of fruits and vegetables, 273 bread and cereal products, 157 meat, fish and eggs products, 455 milk and dairy, 189 fats and sauces, 293 composite dishes, 376 sugary snacks, 114 salty snacks. Overall, the mean FSAm-NSP score was 9.1+/- 9 points.

The overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score is represented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score

The distribution of the Nutri-Score in the different food groups is represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

The distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups is displayed in Table 1.

Table 1: Distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups. ** Fruits based products ; *** Vegetables based products.

		A	B	C	D	E	Total
Fruits and vegetables*		38(48.7%)	11(14.1%)	27(34.6%)	2(2.6%)	0(0%)	78
	Vegetables***	29(65.9%)	1(2.3%)	12(27.3%)	2(4.5%)	0(0%)	44
	Dried fruits	1(9.1%)	3(27.3%)	7(63.6%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	11
	Fruits**	5(38.5%)	3(23.1%)	5(38.5%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	13
	Soups	3(30%)	4(40%)	3(30%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	10
Cereals and potatoes		137(50.2%)	56(20.5%)	38(13.9%)	34(12.5%)	8(2.9%)	273
	Bread	34(50%)	20(29.4%)	10(14.7%)	4(5.9%)	0(0%)	68
	Cereals	49(53.3%)	16(17.4%)	6(6.5%)	13(14.1%)	8(8.7%)	92
	Legumes	12(52.2%)	1(4.3%)	2(8.7%)	8(34.8%)	0(0%)	23
	Potatoes	8(47.1%)	5(29.4%)	4(23.5%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	17
	Breakfast cereals	34(46.6%)	14(19.2%)	16(21.9%)	9(12.3%)	0(0%)	73
Fish Meat Eggs		27(17.2%)	11(7%)	25(15.9%)	58(36.9%)	36(22.9%)	157
	Fish and seafood	3(14.3%)	3(14.3%)	6(28.6%)	7(33.3%)	2(9.5%)	21
	Meat	8(12.3%)	8(12.3%)	15(23.1%)	21(32.3%)	13(20%)	65
	Processed meat	0(0%)	0(0%)	3(5.6%)	30(55.6%)	21(38.9%)	54
	Eggs	16(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	16
	Offals	0(0%)	0(0%)	1(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	1
Milk and dairy products		99(21.8%)	77(16.9%)	61(13.4%)	196(43.1%)	22(4.8%)	455
	Plant-based milk substitutes	6(25%)	16(66.7%)	0(0%)	2(8.3%)	0(0%)	24
	Milk and yogurt	67(41.9%)	47(29.4%)	22(13.8%)	24(15%)	0(0%)	160
	Cheese	20(10.8%)	12(6.5%)	27(14.5%)	116(62.4%)	11(5.9%)	186
	Dairy desserts	5(38.5%)	1(7.7%)	6(46.2%)	1(7.7%)	0(0%)	13
	Ice cream	1(1.4%)	1(1.4%)	6(8.3%)	53(73.6%)	11(15.3%)	72
Fat and sauces		7(3.7%)	10(5.3%)	49(25.9%)	84(44.4%)	39(20.6%)	189
	Dressings and sauces	7(4.5%)	10(6.4%)	36(23.1%)	78(50%)	25(16%)	156
	Fats	0(0%)	0(0%)	13(39.4%)	6(18.2%)	14(42.4%)	33
Salty snacks		6(5.3%)	4(3.5%)	15(13.2%)	82(71.9%)	7(6.1%)	114
	Appetizers	0(0%)	1(1.6%)	6(9.7%)	55(88.7%)	0(0%)	62
	Nuts	5(22.7%)	2(9.1%)	7(31.8%)	8(36.4%)	0(0%)	22
	Salty and fatty products	1(3.3%)	1(3.3%)	2(6.7%)	19(63.3%)	7(23.3%)	30
Sugary snacks		10(2.7%)	11(2.9%)	33(8.8%)	108(28.7%)	214(56.9%)	376
	Biscuits and cakes	4(3.1%)	3(2.3%)	7(5.5%)	35(27.3%)	79(61.7%)	128
	Chocolate products	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	13(11.5%)	100(88.5%)	113
	Sweets	6(4.5%)	8(6%)	26(19.5%)	60(45.1%)	33(24.8%)	133
	Pastries	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	2(100%)	2
Composite foods		31(10.6%)	76(25.9%)	142(48.5%)	44(15%)	0(0%)	293
	One-dish meals	30(14.4%)	68(32.5%)	95(45.5%)	16(7.7%)	0(0%)	209
	Pizza pies and quiches	1(1.3%)	8(10.5%)	44(57.9%)	23(30.3%)	0(0%)	76
	Sandwiches	0(0%)	0(0%)	3(37.5%)	5(62.5%)	0(0%)	8
Beverages		17(11%)	19(12.3%)	21(13.5%)	19(12.3%)	79(51%)	155
	Waters	16(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	16
	Teas and herbal teas and coffees	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	1(100%)	0(0%)	1
	Fruit juices	1(5%)	3(15%)	13(65%)	1(5%)	2(10%)	20
	Artificially sweetened beverages	0(0%)	13(54.2%)	5(20.8%)	4(16.7%)	2(8.3%)	24
	Sweetened beverages	0(0%)	3(3.2%)	3(3.2%)	13(13.8%)	75(79.8%)	94
Sum		372(17.8%)	275(13.2%)	411(19.7%)	627(30%)	405(19.4%)	2090

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Results for Switzerland

For Switzerland, the OpenFoodFact table included 52415 foods. From this list, 36448 products could not be affected to a specific food group and were deleted from the list. Then, 1605 products were removed because the nutritional informations necessary to the calculation of the NutriScore were missing. 21 products were deleted after additionnal quality controls. Finally, the OpenFoodFact table used for this document included 14341 foods. The database contained 946 products composed mainly of fruits and vegetables, 2274 bread and cereal products, 1213 meat, fish and eggs products, 2380 milk and dairy, 1186 fats and sauces, 1067 composite dishes, 3262 sugary snacks, 745 salty snacks. Overall, the mean FSAm-NSP score was 8.8+/- 9.1 points.

The overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score is represented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score

The distribution of the Nutri-Score in the different food groups is represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

The distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups is displayed in Table 1.

Table 1: Distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups. ** Fruits based products ; *** Vegetables based products.

		A	B	C	D	E	Total
Fruits and vegetables*		576(60.9%)	145(15.3%)	210(22.2%)	14(1.5%)	1(0.1%)	946
	Vegetables***	344(73%)	66(14%)	56(11.9%)	4(0.8%)	1(0.2%)	471
	Dried fruits	17(10.6%)	44(27.5%)	94(58.8%)	5(3.1%)	0(0%)	160
	Fruits**	200(83.7%)	7(2.9%)	28(11.7%)	4(1.7%)	0(0%)	239
	Soups	15(19.7%)	28(36.8%)	32(42.1%)	1(1.3%)	0(0%)	76
Cereals and potatoes		1002(44.1%)	420(18.5%)	494(21.7%)	308(13.5%)	50(2.2%)	2274
	Bread	124(23%)	157(29.2%)	171(31.8%)	77(14.3%)	9(1.7%)	538
	Cereals	576(60.3%)	142(14.9%)	88(9.2%)	120(12.6%)	30(3.1%)	956
	Legumes	113(67.7%)	18(10.8%)	12(7.2%)	20(12%)	4(2.4%)	167
	Potatoes	39(32.5%)	37(30.8%)	38(31.7%)	5(4.2%)	1(0.8%)	120
	Breakfast cereals	150(30.4%)	66(13.4%)	185(37.5%)	86(17.4%)	6(1.2%)	493
Fish Meat Eggs		150(12.4%)	188(15.5%)	231(19%)	484(39.9%)	160(13.2%)	1213
	Fish and seafood	67(16%)	120(28.6%)	82(19.6%)	146(34.8%)	4(1%)	419
	Meat	36(10.4%)	52(15.1%)	81(23.5%)	158(45.8%)	18(5.2%)	345
	Processed meat	2(0.5%)	10(2.5%)	67(17%)	177(45%)	137(34.9%)	393
	Eggs	45(86.5%)	4(7.7%)	1(1.9%)	2(3.8%)	0(0%)	52
	Offals	0(0%)	2(50%)	0(0%)	1(25%)	1(25%)	4
Milk and dairy products		259(10.9%)	523(22%)	597(25.1%)	941(39.5%)	60(2.5%)	2380
	Plant-based milk substitutes	36(24.3%)	74(50%)	16(10.8%)	22(14.9%)	0(0%)	148
	Milk and yogurt	135(16%)	372(44%)	271(32.1%)	64(7.6%)	3(0.4%)	845
	Cheese	46(4.7%)	41(4.2%)	187(19%)	675(68.7%)	33(3.4%)	982
	Dairy desserts	38(20.9%)	30(16.5%)	68(37.4%)	43(23.6%)	3(1.6%)	182
	Ice cream	4(1.8%)	6(2.7%)	55(24.7%)	137(61.4%)	21(9.4%)	223
Fat and sauces		76(6.4%)	88(7.4%)	392(33.1%)	458(38.6%)	172(14.5%)	1186
	Dressings and sauces	73(8.3%)	86(9.8%)	234(26.7%)	376(42.8%)	109(12.4%)	878
	Fats	3(1%)	2(0.6%)	158(51.3%)	82(26.6%)	63(20.5%)	308
Salty snacks		64(8.6%)	56(7.5%)	263(35.3%)	290(38.9%)	72(9.7%)	745
	Appetizers	6(2%)	18(5.9%)	98(32.3%)	145(47.9%)	36(11.9%)	303
	Nuts	49(25.1%)	26(13.3%)	86(44.1%)	25(12.8%)	9(4.6%)	195
	Salty and fatty products	9(3.6%)	12(4.9%)	79(32%)	120(48.6%)	27(10.9%)	247
Sugary snacks		40(1.2%)	128(3.9%)	327(10%)	1051(32.2%)	1716(52.6%)	3262
	Biscuits and cakes	10(0.8%)	25(2%)	127(10.1%)	451(35.7%)	649(51.4%)	1262
	Chocolate products	1(0.1%)	4(0.5%)	11(1.4%)	98(12.9%)	648(85%)	762
	Sweets	29(2.7%)	98(9.1%)	166(15.3%)	424(39.2%)	365(33.7%)	1082
	Pastries	0(0%)	1(0.6%)	23(14.7%)	78(50%)	54(34.6%)	156
Composite foods		146(13.7%)	268(25.1%)	412(38.6%)	214(20.1%)	27(2.5%)	1067
	One-dish meals	136(17.3%)	227(29%)	291(37.1%)	110(14%)	20(2.6%)	784
	Pizza pies and quiches	4(2.1%)	25(12.9%)	96(49.5%)	63(32.5%)	6(3.1%)	194
	Sandwiches	6(6.7%)	16(18%)	25(28.1%)	41(46.1%)	1(1.1%)	89
Beverages		141(11.1%)	122(9.6%)	273(21.5%)	255(20.1%)	477(37.6%)	1268
	Waters	140(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	140
	Teas and herbal teas and coffees	0(0%)	6(10.2%)	2(3.4%)	26(44.1%)	25(42.4%)	59
	Fruit juices	1(0.3%)	38(12.9%)	205(69.7%)	39(13.3%)	11(3.7%)	294
	Fruit nectars	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	8(27.6%)	21(72.4%)	29
	Artificially sweetened beverages	0(0%)	65(33.5%)	34(17.5%)	74(38.1%)	21(10.8%)	194
	Sweetened beverages	0(0%)	13(2.4%)	32(5.8%)	108(19.6%)	399(72.3%)	552
Sum		2454(17.1%)	1938(13.5%)	3199(22.3%)	4015(28%)	2735(19.1%)	14341

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Results for United-Kingdom

For United-Kingdom, the OpenFoodFact table included 31729 foods. From this list, 22810 products could not be affected to a specific food group and were deleted from the list. Then, 1679 products were removed because the nutritional informations necessary to the calculation of the NutriScore were missing. 16 products were deleted after additionnal quality controls. Finally, the OpenFoodFact table used for this document included 7224 foods. The database contained 487 products composed mainly of fruits and vegetables, 1117 bread and cereal products, 707 meat, fish and eggs products, 1056 milk and dairy, 689 fats and sauces, 655 composite dishes, 1539 sugary snacks, 496 salty snacks. Overall, the mean FSAm-NSP score was 8+/- 9.1 points.

The overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score is represented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Overall distribution of the FSAm-NSP score

The distribution of the Nutri-Score in the different food groups is represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

The distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups is displayed in Table 1.

Table 1: Distribution of the Nutri-Score within the different food groups. ** Fruits based products ; *** Vegetables based products.

		A	B	C	D	E	Total
Fruits and vegetables*		325(66.7%)	70(14.4%)	79(16.2%)	13(2.7%)	0(0%)	487
	Vegetables***	209(84.3%)	17(6.9%)	18(7.3%)	4(1.6%)	0(0%)	248
	Dried fruits	7(11.1%)	17(27%)	37(58.7%)	2(3.2%)	0(0%)	63
	Fruits**	95(72%)	15(11.4%)	17(12.9%)	5(3.8%)	0(0%)	132
	Soups	14(31.8%)	21(47.7%)	7(15.9%)	2(4.5%)	0(0%)	44
Cereals and potatoes		482(43.2%)	218(19.5%)	224(20.1%)	162(14.5%)	31(2.8%)	1117
	Bread	102(36.8%)	76(27.4%)	57(20.6%)	41(14.8%)	1(0.4%)	277
	Cereals	187(49.9%)	86(22.9%)	54(14.4%)	28(7.5%)	20(5.3%)	375
	Legumes	65(48.9%)	6(4.5%)	19(14.3%)	34(25.6%)	9(6.8%)	133
	Potatoes	26(46.4%)	14(25%)	15(26.8%)	1(1.8%)	0(0%)	56
	Breakfast cereals	102(37%)	36(13%)	79(28.6%)	58(21%)	1(0.4%)	276
Fish Meat Eggs		146(20.7%)	165(23.3%)	127(18%)	192(27.2%)	77(10.9%)	707
	Fish and seafood	44(19.5%)	75(33.2%)	44(19.5%)	60(26.5%)	3(1.3%)	226
	Meat	59(25.4%)	62(26.7%)	34(14.7%)	59(25.4%)	18(7.8%)	232
	Processed meat	2(1%)	25(12.6%)	46(23.2%)	69(34.8%)	56(28.3%)	198
	Eggs	41(91.1%)	3(6.7%)	1(2.2%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	45
	Offals	0(0%)	0(0%)	2(33.3%)	4(66.7%)	0(0%)	6
Milk and dairy products		161(15.2%)	235(22.3%)	227(21.5%)	393(37.2%)	40(3.8%)	1056
	Plant-based milk substitutes	23(23%)	50(50%)	14(14%)	10(10%)	3(3%)	100
	Milk and yogurt	121(26.8%)	169(37.4%)	135(29.9%)	26(5.8%)	1(0.2%)	452
	Cheese	12(3%)	9(2.2%)	50(12.5%)	306(76.5%)	23(5.8%)	400
	Dairy desserts	4(8.7%)	5(10.9%)	17(37%)	19(41.3%)	1(2.2%)	46
	Ice cream	1(1.7%)	2(3.4%)	11(19%)	32(55.2%)	12(20.7%)	58
Fat and sauces		28(4.1%)	56(8.1%)	264(38.3%)	261(37.9%)	80(11.6%)	689
	Dressings and sauces	27(5.2%)	50(9.5%)	205(39.1%)	210(40.1%)	32(6.1%)	524
	Fats	1(0.6%)	6(3.6%)	59(35.8%)	51(30.9%)	48(29.1%)	165
Salty snacks		39(7.9%)	54(10.9%)	161(32.5%)	203(40.9%)	39(7.9%)	496
	Appetizers	6(2.4%)	14(5.6%)	81(32.3%)	126(50.2%)	24(9.6%)	251
	Nuts	21(20%)	23(21.9%)	32(30.5%)	27(25.7%)	2(1.9%)	105
	Salty and fatty products	12(8.6%)	17(12.1%)	48(34.3%)	50(35.7%)	13(9.3%)	140
Sugary snacks		17(1.1%)	43(2.8%)	133(8.6%)	594(38.6%)	752(48.9%)	1539
	Biscuits and cakes	8(1.1%)	19(2.6%)	64(8.9%)	257(35.8%)	369(51.5%)	717
	Chocolate products	0(0%)	1(0.3%)	2(0.7%)	61(20.7%)	230(78.2%)	294
	Sweets	9(1.9%)	23(4.8%)	60(12.6%)	245(51.3%)	141(29.5%)	478
	Pastries	0(0%)	0(0%)	7(14%)	31(62%)	12(24%)	50
Composite foods		188(28.7%)	231(35.3%)	139(21.2%)	82(12.5%)	15(2.3%)	655
	One-dish meals	167(35.2%)	181(38.1%)	89(18.7%)	34(7.2%)	4(0.8%)	475
	Pizza pies and quiches	1(0.9%)	23(20.5%)	36(32.1%)	42(37.5%)	10(8.9%)	112
	Sandwiches	20(29.4%)	27(39.7%)	14(20.6%)	6(8.8%)	1(1.5%)	68
Beverages		63(13.2%)	73(15.3%)	161(33.7%)	80(16.7%)	101(21.1%)	478
	Waters	63(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	63
	Teas and herbal teas and coffees	0(0%)	2(14.3%)	3(21.4%)	4(28.6%)	5(35.7%)	14
	Fruit juices	0(0%)	22(14.4%)	107(69.9%)	19(12.4%)	5(3.3%)	153
	Fruit nectars	0(0%)	0(0%)	1(100%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	1
	Artificially sweetened beverages	0(0%)	44(36.1%)	36(29.5%)	28(23%)	14(11.5%)	122
	Sweetened beverages	0(0%)	5(4%)	14(11.2%)	29(23.2%)	77(61.6%)	125
Sum		1449(20.1%)	1145(15.8%)	1515(21%)	1980(27.4%)	1135(15.7%)	7224

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Conclusion

Overall, the distribution of the FSAm-NSP score displayed a high variability in the 13 countries, confirming its validity for use in the 5-category label Nutri-Score in different sociocultural contexts. Moreover, the distribution in the FSAm-NSP score showed a high consistency between the classification and dietary recommendations: overall, products composed mainly of fruits and vegetables, bread and cereals scored consistently more favorably than sugary or salty snacks. Composite dishes displayed a very large distribution, highlighting the variability of the products in this specific category.

The classification of the different food groups in the Nutri-Score displayed a high consistency with nutritional recommendations: the majority of products containing mainly fruits and vegetables were classified as A or B , while a majority of sugary snacks were classified as D or E. This variability was also displayed within food groups: in the bread and cereals group, legumes + pasta and rice were consistently better classified than breakfast cereals; in dairy, milk and yogurt were better classified than cheese.

Finally, in beverages, while a majority of fruit juices were classified as C, soft drinks were classified as E, consistently with nutritional recommendations.

Overall, the discriminating power of the Nutri-Score (number of categories in the Nutri-Score available for each food group) was high, as foods were classified in more than 3 categories of the Nutri-Score, both for food groups and for subgroups of foods.

Therefore, overall, the Nutri-Score displays a high consistency with nutritional recommendations, and allows consumers to graps the very high variability in the nutritional composition of foods. The discriminating power of the Nutri-Score can be used to help consumers making healthier choices at the point of purchases, by displaying with at-a-glance labelling the nutritional quality of products.

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References

Julia C, Ducrot P, Peneau S et al. Discriminating nutritional quality of foods using the 5-Color nutrition label in the French food market: consistency with nutritional recommendations. Nutr J. 2015;14:100.
Szabo de Edelenyi F, Egnell M, Galan P, Druesne-Pecollo N, Hercberg S and Julia C. Ability of the Nutri-Score front-of-pack nutrition label to discriminate the nutritional quality of foods in the German food market and consistency with nutritional recommendations. Arch Public Health. 2019;77:28.
Rayner M, Scarborough P, Stockley L, and Boxer A. Nutrient profiles: development of Final model. Final Report . Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266447771_Nutrient_profiles_Development_of_Final_Model_Final_Report.
Rayner M, Scarborough P, and Stockley L. Nutrient profiles: Applicability of Currently Proposed Model for Uses in Relation to Promotion of Foods in Children Aged 5-10 and Adults. [Internet]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267952402_Nutrient_profiles_Applicability_of_currently_proposed_model_for_uses_in_relation_to_promotion_of_food_to_children_aged_5-10_and_adults.
Rayner M, Scarborough P, and Lobstein T. The UK Ofcom Nutrient Profiling Model – Defining ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ food and drinks for TV advertising to children. [Internet] Available from: https://www.ndph.ox.ac.uk/cpnp/files/about/uk-ofcom-nutrient-profile-model.pdf.
ANSES. Evaluation de la faisabilité du calcul d’un score nutritionnel tel qu’élaboré par Rayner et al. Rapport d’appui scientifique et technique.ANSES :Maison Alfort. Available from: https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/DER2014sa0099Ra.pdf.
Haut Conseil de la Santé Publique. Avis relatif à l’information sur la qualité nutritionnelle des produits alimentaires. Paris :HCSP. Availablefrom: http://www.hcsp.fr/Explore.cgi/avisrapportsdomaine?clefr=519.

¹ Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra(U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France.
² Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne (AP-HP), F-93017 Bobigny, France

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